Puerto Rico’s water network was built for a mid‑20th‑century population. Decades of hurricanes, seismic events, and under‑investment have left pipelines corroded, treatment plants overloaded, and distribution losses soaring above 30 %. The island’s fiscal challenges limit the government’s ability to fund large‑scale upgrades, while climate change intensifies drought cycles and storm‑surge events.
Compounding the physical problems are regulatory gaps and fragmented governance. Multiple agencies oversee water quality, supply, and emergency response, often without a unified command. The result is a reactive system that struggles to meet basic demand, especially in rural municipalities where per‑capita consumption can drop dramatically during drought periods.